These and other classes of malicious software are described below. The difference is that a worm operates more or less independently of other files, whereas a virus depends on a host program to spread itself. To be classified as a virus or worm, malware must have the ability to propagate. These types of programs are able to self-replicate and can spread copies of themselves, which might even be modified copies. Two of the most common types of malware are viruses and worms. Malware should also not be confused with defective software, which is intended for legitimate purposes but contains errors or "bugs." Classes of Malicious Software In addition to damaging data and software residing on equipment, malware has evolved to target the physical hardware of those systems. Damage from malware varies from causing minor irritation (such as browser popup ads), to stealing confidential information or money, destroying data, and compromising and/or entirely disabling systems and networks.
Some of the more commonly known types of malware are viruses, worms, Trojans, bots, ransomware, backdoors, spyware, and adware. The vast majority, however, are installed by some action from a user, such as clicking an email attachment or downloading a file from the Internet. Others are installed by exploiting a known vulnerability in an operating system (OS), network device, or other software, such as a hole in a browser that only requires users to visit a website to infect their computers. Malware can infect systems by being bundled with other programs or attached as macros to files. There are many different classes of malware that have varying ways of infecting systems and propagating themselves.
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Viruses, worms, Trojans, and bots are all part of a class of software called "malware." Malware is short for "malicious software," also known as malicious code or "malcode." It is code or software that is specifically designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general inflict some other "bad" or illegitimate action on data, hosts, or networks. The same can be said of the difference between malware and worm because malware encompasses worms.Potentially Unwanted Programs or Applications Therefore, the difference between malware and a virus is not as much of a factor as is the difference between a virus and a worm.
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Several users can download the same or different viruses, and figuring out where they came from, especially if they did not come from the same emails or websites, can present a significant challenge. At that point, system administrators can use relatively basic forensic analysis to figure out where the worm came from. If, for example, a worm has to go through a firewall as it tries to go from one computer to the next, the firewall may detect it. Because the worm is designed to spread from one computer to another, it risks the chance of exposing itself with each lateral move. In many situations, a worm's functionality can also work against itself. For example, a single website that several users visit can download a virus to their computers, and when they open the file containing the virus, all of them can get infected. On the surface, a worm, which is also referred to as a worm virus, will appear more dangerous than a virus, but because computers within an organization's network interact with the internet often more than they do with each other, viruses can be just as dangerous.